In February 1778, facing recruitment shortfalls, the Rhode Island Assembly passed the Slave Enlistment Act, promising freedom to any enslaved man who enlisted in the Continental Army. Roughly 140 free and formerly enslaved Black and Native men joined the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, which became known as the Black Regiment. At the Battle of Rhode Island on August 29, 1778, the regiment held its position on Turkey Hill against three Hessian assaults, helping cover the American withdrawal from Aquidneck Island. A monument at Patriots Park on the battle site, dedicated in 2005, lists the names of those who served.