Founded in 1903, Boley is the largest and most prosperous of the more than fifty all-Black towns of Oklahoma. Established by formerly enslaved freedpeople and their descendants, Boley at its peak had its own bank, newspaper, schools, churches, and cotton gin. Booker T. Washington visited in 1905 and called it 'the most enterprising and in many ways the most remarkable Negro city in the world.' The town is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.