Reconstruction Treaties of 1866

After the Civil War, the federal government required the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole nations, several of which had allied with the Confederacy, to sign new treaties in 1866 as a condition of restored relations with the United States. These treaties abolished slavery within Indian Territory and, crucially, required the nations to grant citizenship and land rights to their Freedmen, formerly enslaved people and their descendants, though the degree to which each nation honored that obligation varied for generations afterward.